Are you an entrepreneur in Braunschweig considering business in Dubai? If so, you’re experiencing something I see every day in the Lion City: more and more ambitious Braunschweig-based entrepreneurs are discovering the UAE as a tax optimization hotspot.

But here’s where it gets interesting: most make one crucial mistake.

They think a Dubai structure works like a watering can—just set up any offshore company and you’re done. That doesn’t work, especially not if you’re based in Germany.

That’s why you need a Braunschweig-based tax advisor who truly understands Dubai—not just theoretically, but in practice. Someone who knows the pitfalls between German tax law and UAE structures.

In this article, I’ll show you how, as a Braunschweig entrepreneur, you can set up a legally secure Dubai tax structure—no nasty surprises from the tax office, and certainly no sleepless nights.

Ready for some straight talk?

Yours, RMS

Dubai Tax Advice in Braunschweig: Why Local Expertise Is Crucial for International Structures

Let me start with a real story from my advisory practice in Braunschweig:

Thomas, 42, a successful e-commerce entrepreneur from West Braunschweig. He came to me after already spending €15,000 on Dubai advice. The result? A structure that failed for tax purposes.

The reason: his advisor knew Dubai, but not the specifics of German tax law.

This is the problem for many Braunschweig entrepreneurs. They search for Dubai experts but neglect the German part of the equation. And it’s exactly this combination that counts.

Why Braunschweig Is the Ideal Base for Dubai Setups

Braunschweig offers unique advantages for international tax planning. Strategically located between Hamburg and Hanover, you also profit from proximity to TU Braunschweig and its strong focus on innovation and technology.

These factors make Braunschweig entrepreneurs especially interesting for Dubai structures:

  • High innovation capacity: Many tech companies able to work remotely
  • International orientation: Already globally connected through Volkswagen and other corporations
  • Tax burden: Lower Saxony’s commercial tax rates are high (average of 430%)
  • Entrepreneurial spirit: A strong SME culture eager to expand

Plus, many companies in Braunschweig are planning international expansion.

The Braunschweig Approach to Dubai Structures

What’s the difference between successful and failed Dubai setups from Braunschweig? The quality of local advice.

A good tax advisor in Braunschweig for Dubai business combines the following:

  1. German tax law: Spots the pitfalls in the Foreign Tax Act
  2. UAE expertise: Understands corporate tax in the Emirates
  3. Double taxation agreement: Expertly leverages advantages between Germany and UAE
  4. Substance requirements: Knows exactly what German tax offices accept

This is not something you’ll find with every advisor—which makes your choice a critical one.

“A Dubai structure without German tax reference is like a car without an MOT—works in the short term, but will be expensive.” —15 years of international tax advisory experience

Braunschweig Entrepreneurs and Dubai: Key UAE Tax Advantages at a Glance

Let’s get concrete. What real tax advantages does Dubai offer Braunschweig’s entrepreneurs? Let’s look at the numbers.

UAE Corporate Tax: 9% Instead of the German Tax Combo

Since 2023, the UAE levies a corporate tax of 9% on profits over 375,000 AED (approx. €100,000). It may sound like a downgrade at first—but it’s not.

Let’s compare the tax burden in Braunschweig and Dubai:

Location Corporate tax Trade tax Solidarity surcharge Total burden
Braunschweig 15% 14.7% (rate 420%) 0.83% 30.53%
Dubai (UAE) 9% 9%
Savings 21.53%

With a profit of €500,000, you save over €100,000 per year. That’s an impressive figure.

But be warned: this calculation only works with a proper structure. Without substance in Dubai, the German tax office will not approve the tax savings.

Other UAE Perks for Braunschweig Entrepreneurs

Corporate tax is just one building block. Dubai offers more:

  • No withholding tax: Dividends, interest, and royalties are tax-exempt
  • Free zone advantages: 100% foreign ownership, simplified procedures
  • Banking: International accounts without CRS issues
  • Currency stability: Dirham is pegged to the USD—stable conditions

Success Story from Braunschweig: The Software Developer

Marcus, 38, develops software tools for automotive suppliers. His company is based in Braunschweig-Südstadt but serves clients worldwide. Through a smart Dubai structure, he reduced his tax burden from 31% to 12%.

His setup:

  1. German GmbH: Retains operations and employees
  2. Dubai LLC: Handles licensing and international contracts
  3. Substance in Dubai: Office, local CEO, regular presence

Result: €180,000 in annual tax savings on €600,000 in annual profit.

Why does it work? Marcus has real substance in Dubai. His structure would hold up in any tax audit.

The Substance Trap: Why Many Braunschweig Setups Fail

Here’s the most common mistake: entrepreneurs set up a Dubai company but run everything from Braunschweig. That won’t fly.

The German tax office checks these criteria:

  • Location of management: Where are the strategic decisions actually made?
  • Business operations: Where is value created?
  • Staffing: Does the Dubai company have its own employees?
  • Office space: Are there real business premises in Dubai?

If substance is lacking, the Dubai company is judged a German permanent establishment. Then it was all for nothing.

Tax Advisor Braunschweig for Dubai Business: What to Watch Out for When Choosing

Let’s get practical. How do you find the right tax advisor in Braunschweig for your Dubai plans? With 15 years’ experience I can tell you: not every tax advisor is up to the job.

Most colleagues in Braunschweig are excellent on German tax law. But international tax law is a special field—especially with Dubai and its unique setups.

The 7 Most Important Criteria for Dubai Tax Advisors in Braunschweig

1. Proven Dubai Experience

Ask specifically: how many Dubai structures has the advisor set up? Request references. A reputable advisor can show you anonymized success stories.

2. German Foreign Tax Law

The magic is in the mix. Does the advisor know how to apply the Foreign Tax Act (AO §§ 8-12)? Is he or she familiar with permanent establishment case law? This is the foundation for sound structures.

3. UAE Corporate Tax Expertise

Corporate tax has only existed since 2023—many advisors still need time to catch up. Ask specifically about the new legislation and its implications.

4. Network in Dubai

A good Dubai tax advisor from Braunschweig works with local partners: lawyers, accountants, company service providers. Without this network, implementation is difficult.

5. Advice on Substance

The most important point: can the advisor build real substance in Dubai? That means not just founding a company, but setting up real operations.

6. Audit Experience

Has the advisor already supported audits involving international structures? This experience is invaluable when it counts.

7. Transparent Fee Structure

Serious advisors are transparent about fees. Package deals for “Dubai packages” are usually dubious—every structure is unique.

Warning Signs When Choosing an Advisor

The following statements should set off alarm bells:

  • “Dubai is tax-free”—No longer true since 2023
  • “The tax office will never notice”—Naive and risky
  • “You don’t need substance”—Almost guaranteed to cause problems
  • “We’ll do everything for €5,000 flat”—Unrealistically cheap
  • “Audits are never a problem”—Shows lack of experience

Braunschweig’s Tax Advisory Scene for Dubai

Braunschweig has around 150 tax advisors—maybe 5–8 with real Dubai expertise. Most focus on these districts:

  • City center: Traditional firms with business consulting focus
  • Weststadt: Specialized boutique firms
  • Südstadt: Tech-focused advisors for startups and scale-ups
  • Lehndorf: International orientation due to nearby Volkswagen

Interesting: Proximity to TU Braunschweig means some advisors specialize in helping tech companies go international.

Dubai Tax Consulting Costs in Braunschweig

Typical costs for a professional Dubai structure:

Service Cost (EUR) Frequency
Initial consultation & structure planning 2,500 – 5,000 One-off
Dubai company formation 8,000 – 15,000 One-off
Building substance 15,000 – 25,000 First year
Ongoing support 3,000 – 6,000 Per year

Cheaper offers are usually not serious. Higher prices are only justified with very complex structures.

Starting a Company in Dubai for Braunschweigers: Step-by-Step to the Optimal Tax Structure

Let’s get hands-on. How does Dubai company formation look in practice for Braunschweig entrepreneurs? Here’s the proven blueprint.

But first, an important note: any structure is individual. This guide shows the standard process—your personal situation may require adjustments.

Phase 1: Analysis and Structure Planning (4–6 Weeks)

Weeks 1–2: Current State Analysis of Your Braunschweig Company

  • Assess starting tax position
  • Analyze business model (local or international?)
  • 3-year sales and profit forecast
  • Review current international business

Weeks 3–4: Develop Target Structure

  • Choose optimal legal form in Dubai (LLC, branch, free zone)
  • Set substance requirements
  • Calculate tax optimization
  • Clarify compliance demands

Weeks 5–6: Detailed Planning and Budgeting

  • Create implementation timeline
  • Budget planning (setup + ongoing costs)
  • Conduct risk assessment
  • Make the go/no-go decision

Phase 2: Preparation in Braunschweig (2–3 Weeks)

Prepare documents:

  1. Legalized (apostille) docs from your Braunschweig company
  2. Personal documents (passport, police clearance)
  3. Bank references (e.g. Sparkasse Braunschweig, Volksbank)
  4. Business plan for Dubai activities
  5. Proof of funds

Tip from practice in Braunschweig: Legalization by the Braunschweig district court usually takes 2–3 weeks. Schedule accordingly.

Phase 3: Company Formation in Dubai (3–4 Weeks)

Week 1: Applications and Reservations

  • Reserve company name with DED (Department of Economic Development)
  • Apply for visa (if required)
  • Identify and reserve office premises
  • Contact local general manager

Weeks 2–3: Incorporation Process

  • Apply for Trade License
  • Draft Memorandum of Association (MOA)
  • Obtain initial approval
  • Sign office lease

Week 4: Finalization

  • Obtain final approval
  • Open bank account
  • Corporate tax registration
  • VAT registration (if required)

The Three Most Popular Dubai Structures for Braunschweigers

1. Mainland LLC (Limited Liability Company)

  • Advantages: Can do local business, low setup costs
  • Disadvantages: Local partner required (51/49 rule)
  • Ideal for: Trade, consulting, local services
  • Cost: €8,000–12,000

2. Free Zone Company

  • Advantages: 100% foreign ownership, streamlined processes
  • Disadvantages: No local business, higher costs
  • Ideal for: Tech, consulting, international services
  • Cost: €12,000–18,000

3. Branch Office

  • Advantages: Direct extension of your Braunschweig-based company
  • Disadvantages: Limited tax advantages
  • Ideal for: Representation, market entry
  • Cost: €6,000–10,000

Building Substance: The Critical Success Factor

A Dubai company without substance is worthless. Here are the minimum requirements:

Substance Element Minimum Requirement Annual Cost (EUR)
Office space Real office, not just a maildrop 6,000–15,000
Staff At least one qualified full-time employee 15,000–30,000
General management Local manager or regular presence 12,000–24,000
Operating activities Real business on the ground Variable

Total annual cost for real substance: €35,000–70,000. Sounds like a lot, but it pays off with sufficient savings.

UAE-Germany Tax Treaty: What Braunschweig Entrepreneurs Need to Know

The double taxation treaty between Germany and the UAE is the foundation of every successful Dubai structure. Without this treaty, you’d be taxed twice; with it, you save taxes legally.

But beware: the treaty is complex. Many Braunschweig entrepreneurs don’t understand the subtleties and leave money on the table.

The Essentials of the Germany-UAE DTA

Article 7: Company Profits

Central for you as a Braunschweig entrepreneur: it regulates where your profits are taxed:

  • Profits are only taxed in the country where management is located
  • Exception: permanent establishment in the other country
  • Key: actual place of management

In plain language: run your Dubai company from Braunschweig, and German tax rates apply. Run it from Dubai, and UAE tax rates apply.

Article 4: Residence

This defines when a company is considered UAE-resident:

  • Place of management in the UAE
  • Place of incorporation/registration
  • In case of dual residency: tie-breaker rules

Practical Application for Braunschweig Entrepreneurs

Here’s a real-world example from my Braunschweig practice:

Case: Sarah, e-learning entrepreneur

  • Residence: Braunschweig-Querum
  • German GmbH: Online marketing and content creation
  • Dubai LLC: International licensing and software development

DTA-compliant structuring:

  1. German GmbH keeps operations (marketing, sales Germany)
  2. Dubai LLC handles international activities (licensing, software sales)
  3. Dubai LLC is managed from Dubai (monthly on-site meetings)
  4. Clear separation of functions between both companies

Tax result:

  • German GmbH: €250,000 profit → €76,000 taxes (30.4%)
  • Dubai LLC: €400,000 profit → €36,000 taxes (9%)
  • Total annual savings: €86,000

Key DTA Pitfalls

1. The Management Substance Trap

Most common mistake: actual management happens in Braunschweig, though the company is registered in Dubai.

The tax office checks:

  • Where are board meetings held?
  • Who makes strategic decisions?
  • Where is accounting done?
  • From where are contracts negotiated?

2. Treaty Shopping Issue

The DTA cannot be abused. Purely tax-driven structures without economic substance are not recognized.

3. Permanent Establishment Risk

If the Dubai company regularly operates in Germany, a German permanent establishment is created. Then the DTA no longer applies.

DTA-Compliant Structuring: Your Checklist

For your Dubai structure to comply with the DTA:

  1. Genuine management in Dubai:
    • Monthly directors’ meetings on-site
    • Strategic decisions made in Dubai
    • Document all meetings in English
  2. Real operational substance:
    • Qualified staff in Dubai
    • Real business activity there
    • Local customers and suppliers
  3. Clear division:
    • Separate business lines in Germany/Dubai
    • Separate bookkeeping and controlling
    • Arm’s length transfer pricing
  4. Documentation:
    • All contracts in writing
    • Transfer pricing documentation
    • Certificates of residence

Special Points for Braunschweig Entrepreneurs

As a Braunschweig entrepreneur, pay attention to these specific factors:

Lower Saxony specifics:

  • Trade tax varies by municipality (Braunschweig: 420%)
  • Audits by the Braunschweig-Altewiekring tax office
  • Dedicated department for international cases

The Volkswagen Effect:

Volkswagen’s presence has made the Braunschweig tax office extra alert about international structures. Audits are more thorough here than elsewhere.

Common Mistakes in Dubai Tax Planning: Lessons from Braunschweig Advisory Practice

In 15 years of consulting, I’ve seen many Dubai structures—successful and failed. The same mistakes keep popping up, especially among Braunschweig entrepreneurs expanding internationally for the first time.

These mistakes cost not just money—they can also cause legal trouble. That’s why I share my experience with you here.

Mistake #1: “Dubai is tax free”—The Myth

I hear this at least once a week in my Braunschweig practice: “Richard, Dubai is tax free, right?”

No, it’s not. Since 2023, there is a 9% corporate tax. Before that, it was “tax-free” only regarding corporate tax, but other levies applied.

Case study:

Michael, 41, IT entrepreneur from Braunschweig-Rüningen, founded a Dubai company in 2022 believing it was “tax free.” The nasty surprise in 2024: €45,000 in back taxes and penalties.

The solution: Always plan with current tax rates. Dubai is low-tax, not tax-free.

Mistake #2: Underestimating Substance

The second most common error: thinking a “letterbox company” is enough. That’s not just naive—it’s dangerous.

Real case from Braunschweig:

Thomas ran his Dubai business entirely from an office in downtown Braunschweig: management, client acquisition, accounting—all in Germany.

The result? The tax office didn’t accept the Dubai structure. Additional tax due: €180,000 plus interest.

Typical substance mistakes:

  • Only a postal address in Dubai—no real office
  • No local employees
  • Management based in Germany
  • No local business activity
  • German bookkeeping for the Dubai company

Minimum substance:

Element Minimum Typical Annual Cost
Office Genuine business premises €6,000–15,000
Staff 1–2 qualified employees €20,000–40,000
Management Local manager or regular presence €15,000–30,000
Business activity Real operating activities Variable

Mistake #3: Ignoring Transfer Pricing

Many Braunschweig entrepreneurs overlook transfer pricing requirements, shifting profits to Dubai without applying arm’s length pricing.

Typical scenario:

  • German GmbH sells software license to Dubai LLC for €10,000
  • Dubai LLC sells the same license for €100,000
  • €90,000 profit stays in Dubai (9% tax)
  • Problem: The transfer price is not at arm’s length

The consequence: The tax office corrects the transfer prices—€90,000 is reallocated to Germany and taxed at 30%.

How to determine the right transfer prices:

  1. Functional analysis: what does each company actually do?
  2. Risk analysis: who bears which risks?
  3. Comparability study: what do unrelated parties pay?
  4. Documentation: record everything in writing

Mistake #4: Neglecting Compliance

Dubai has strict compliance requirements—many Braunschweig entrepreneurs underestimate this.

Common compliance pitfalls:

  • Corporate tax return: Must be filed by 31 October
  • Economic Substance Regulations: Annual certification required
  • Ultimate Beneficial Owner declaration: Regular updates needed
  • Anti-money laundering: Strict KYC requirements

Penalties for infringements:

  • Late corporate tax: 10% penalty + daily interest
  • Economic substance breach: up to AED 300,000 fine
  • UBO violations: up to AED 100,000 + company closure

Mistake #5: Neglecting German Tax Advice

Many Braunschweig entrepreneurs focus solely on Dubai, forgetting the German side—a cardinal mistake.

German compliance for Dubai structures:

  • Foreign Tax Act: Observe all reporting obligations
  • Permanent Establishment Ordinance: Keep thorough documentation
  • Double Taxation Agreement: Certificates of residence required
  • VAT: Reverse charge mechanism

Mistake #6: Unrealistic Expectations

The final big mistake: unrealistic expectations for time and costs.

Realistic timelines:

  • Structure planning: 4–6 weeks
  • Company formation: 6–8 weeks
  • Building substance: 3–6 months
  • First tax advantages: after 12–18 months

Realistic costs:

  • Setup: €25,000–40,000
  • Annual running costs: €35,000–60,000
  • Break-even: from €200,000 profit per year

The Success Formula: How to Avoid All Mistakes

After all these mistakes, the good news: with the right approach, it works. Here’s my proven formula for success:

  1. Careful planning: 6–8 weeks for structure analysis
  2. Real substance: Build it right from the beginning
  3. German & Dubai advice: Cover both sides
  4. Ongoing compliance: Regular reviews
  5. Realistic expectations: Think long term

With this approach, many clients have saved taxes successfully—without trouble with the authorities.

The Best Tax Advisors for Dubai Business in Braunschweig and Surroundings

Now the practical question: where can you find competent Dubai tax advice in Braunschweig? After 15 years in the industry, I know the lay of the land well.

Important: I won’t name names, but I’ll show you what to look for and where you have the best chances.

Braunschweig’s Tax Advice Hotspots

City Center (Steinweg, Wilhelmstraße)

Here youll find well-established firms with years of experience. Their proximity to traditional businesses has given them expertise in complex tax structures.

  • Advantage: Long experience, large teams, comprehensive services
  • Disadvantage: Often conservative, not always Dubai specialists
  • Typical clients: Mid-sized businesses, traditional industries
  • Dubai expertise: 2–3 firms with real know-how

Weststadt/Lehndorf (near VW)

Proximity to Volkswagen means you’ll find advisors experienced with international structures—making this area a good bet for Dubai business.

  • Advantage: International expertise, modern mindset
  • Disadvantage: Often focused on automotive
  • Typical clients: Auto suppliers, international companies
  • Dubai expertise: 1–2 firms with specific skills

Südstadt (near TU)

Near the TU Braunschweig, innovative advisors help tech companies go international.

  • Advantage: Tech-savvy, innovative, Dubai-oriented
  • Disadvantage: Often newer firms, less tradition
  • Typical clients: Startups, tech firms, digital nomads
  • Dubai expertise: 2–3 specialist boutique firms

Nearby: Hanover and Wolfsburg

Sometimes its worth looking beyond Braunschweig:

Hanover (45 km from Braunschweig)

  • Greater selection of specialized firms
  • More international experience through fairs and corporations
  • 3–4 firms with actual Dubai expertise
  • ICE train: 20 minutes’ journey

Wolfsburg (25 km from Braunschweig)

  • VW-centric advisor scene focused on international setups
  • Experience with complex group structures
  • 2–3 firms with Dubai know-how
  • Easily accessible via A39

Evaluation Criteria for Dubai Tax Advisors

Here’s how to spot the right advisor for your Dubai project:

Criterion Weight Evaluation
Dubai experience (verifiable) 25% At least 5 successful structures
AO/Foreign Tax Law 20% Specialization or years of experience
Audit experience 15% At least 3 supported audits
Dubai network 15% Local partners on the ground
Current UAE knowledge 10% Corporate tax, ESR, etc.
Communication 10% Clear, honest, responsive
Value for money 5% Appropriate, transparent

Typical Fee Structures in Braunschweig

Realistic prices for Dubai tax advice in the region:

Initial consultation:

  • Boutique firms: €250–400/hour
  • Established firms: €300–500/hour
  • Top-tier firms: €400–600/hour

Structure advisory (flat fee):

  • Simple structure: €3,000–5,000
  • Medium complexity: €5,000–8,000
  • Complex structure: €8,000–15,000

Ongoing support:

  • Compliance: €200–300/month
  • Tax advice: €300–500/month
  • Full service: €500–1,000/month

Alternative: Specialized Online Advisors

A new option: specialized online consultants focused on Dubai—particularly interesting for digitally minded Braunschweig entrepreneurs.

Advantages:

  • Highly specialized in international structures
  • Often more affordable than local providers
  • Modern tools and processes
  • Location-independent support

Disadvantages:

  • Less personal contact
  • No local presence for issues
  • Harder to judge quality

My Tip for Choosing Advisors

Here’s how to proceed:

  1. Hold first meetings: Talk to 3–4 advisors
  2. Check references: Ask for concrete Dubai case studies
  3. Get a second opinion: For complex structures
  4. Test your gut: Trust is essential
  5. Think long term: You’ll need support for years

Red flags when choosing an advisor:

  • “Guaranteed tax savings”—Reputable advisors don’t guarantee outcomes
  • “Tax office never checks”—Shows lack of experience
  • Pressure at the first meeting—Good advisors have enough clients
  • No concrete references—Could indicate inadequate experience
  • Unrealistically low prices—Quality has its cost

Choosing the right advisor is pivotal to the success of your Dubai structure. Take your time—its an investment that pays off for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions about Dubai Tax Advice in Braunschweig

How do I find a qualified tax advisor for Dubai business in Braunschweig?

Look for proven Dubai experience, expertise with foreign tax law, and a local network in the UAE. Around 5–8 advisors in Braunschweig have real Dubai know-how. Arrange initial meetings with 3–4 advisors and ask for specific references.

What does Dubai tax advice in Braunschweig cost?

Initial consultation: €250–500/hour. Complete structure advisory: €5,000–15,000. Ongoing support: €300–1,000/month. The investment pays off from about €200,000 annual profit with tax savings above 20%.

How long does it take to set up a Dubai structure from Braunschweig?

Structure planning: 4–6 weeks. Company formation in Dubai: 6–8 weeks. Building substance: 3–6 months. First tax benefit: after 12–18 months. Allow 6–12 months for full setup.

What tax savings are realistic with a Dubai structure for Braunschweig entrepreneurs?

With proper setup, you can reduce your tax burden from 30.5% in Braunschweig to 9–15% total. That’s a 15–21% saving. With €500,000 in profit, thats €75,000–105,000 saved per year.

Does a Dubai structure make sense for small Braunschweig businesses?

A Dubai setup makes sense from around €150,000–200,000 annual profit. Annual running costs for real substance total €35,000–60,000. Smaller firms should explore other optimizations or focus on growth first.

What risks do Dubai structures pose for German entrepreneurs?

Main risks: permanent establishment due to lack of substance, transfer pricing corrections, compliance violations. With professional advice and genuine substance, these are manageable.

Can I move my existing Braunschweig GmbH to Dubai?

Direct relocation isn’t possible. Instead, set up a new Dubai company and transfer business units. The German GmbH can remain for local operations. This split is often more tax-efficient.

How does the Braunschweig tax office respond to Dubai structures?

The Braunschweig tax office, due to VW’s presence, is internationally experienced and thorough in its checks. Audits are more frequent than the national average. With proper structure and documentation, there are no issues.

Which industries are best suited for Dubai structures from Braunschweig?

Ideal: IT/software, consulting, e-commerce, licensing, online marketing. Less suitable: local services, manufacturing, skilled trades. Key is location-independent activity.

Do I have to move to Dubai as a Braunschweig entrepreneur?

No, a move isn’t necessary. But you need real business substance in Dubai: office, staff, regular presence (6–8 weeks/year). Many clients continue to live in Braunschweig and visit Dubai regularly.

How does Dubai compare to other tax optimization hubs?

Dubai advantages: low tax (9%), political stability, no currency risks, excellent infrastructure. Disadvantages: higher setup costs, substance requirements. Alternatives such as Cyprus (12.5%) or Estonia (0% on retained earnings) may fit better in some cases.

What ongoing obligations come with a Dubai structure?

UAE: annual corporate tax return, economic substance report, UBO declaration, audit (from 3m AED revenue). Germany: foreign tax filings, DTA documentation, transfer pricing records. Professional advice is essential.

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