{"id":1192,"date":"2025-05-27T20:09:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T20:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meyer-stern.com\/malta-qrops-vs-german-riester-pension-35-higher-retirement-income-for-expats\/"},"modified":"2025-05-27T20:09:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T20:09:54","slug":"malta-qrops-vs-german-riester-pension-35-higher-retirement-income-for-expats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meyer-stern.com\/en\/malta-qrops-vs-german-riester-pension-35-higher-retirement-income-for-expats\/","title":{"rendered":"Malta QROPS vs. German Riester pension: 35% higher retirement income for expats"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"TOC\">\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#was-sind-qrops\">What are QROPS and why Malta is the pension paradise for expats<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#deutsche-riester-nachteile\">German Riester Pension for Expats: The Hidden Drawbacks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#direkter-vergleich\">Direct Comparison: Malta QROPS vs. German Riester Pension<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#35-prozent-mehr-rente\">35% Higher Pension: How Expats Maximize Their Benefits<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#transfer-anleitung\">Step-by-Step: How to Transfer Your Retirement Savings to Malta<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rechtliche-aspekte\">Legal Aspects and Pitfalls of QROPS Malta<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#praxisbeispiele\">Case Studies: Real Expat Cases and Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#fazit\">Conclusion and Next Steps to Optimize Your Pension<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p>A few weeks ago, I got a call from Thomas\u2014a successful online entrepreneur from Munich who\u2019s spent the last three years shuttling between Dubai and Cyprus.<\/p>\n<p>His question was simple: Richard, Ive paid into a Riester pension for 15 years. Now Im facing a demand to pay back \u20ac35,000 just because I no longer live in Germany. Is there a way out?<\/p>\n<p>And here\u2019s the thing:<\/p>\n<p>I hear this question almost daily. German expats, who have dutifully contributed to their Riester plans for years, suddenly face a massive problem.<\/p>\n<p>The system penalizes you for moving abroad.<\/p>\n<p>But there\u2019s an elegant solution: Malta QROPS. A system designed specifically for international careers.<\/p>\n<p>Today, I\u2019ll show you not only how to escape the Riester trap, but how you can even increase your pension by 35%. This isn\u2019t a marketing gimmick\u2014it\u2019s math.<\/p>\n<p>Ready for real numbers and practical solutions?<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s internationalize your retirement planning together.<\/p>\n<p>Yours, RMS<\/p>\n<section id=\"was-sind-qrops\">\n<h2>What are QROPS and why Malta is the pension paradise for expats<\/h2>\n<h3>QROPS Defined and Explained<\/h3>\n<p>QROPS stands for Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme. Bit of a mouthful? Yes. Game-changer for expats? Absolutely.<\/p>\n<p>Simply put: QROPS are pension systems recognized by the UK tax authority, but based outside the UK. What makes them special is their international flexibility.<\/p>\n<p>Imagine your retirement savings were a passport. A German Riester contract is like an East German ID\u2014only valid at home. QROPS on the other hand, are like an EU passport\u2014welcome everywhere.<\/p>\n<p>The key features of QROPS:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>International portability:<\/strong> Your money follows you wherever you move<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax optimization:<\/strong> Withdrawals often available at lower rates<\/li>\n<li><strong>Currency flexibility:<\/strong> Investments in multiple currencies<\/li>\n<li><strong>No geographical restrictions:<\/strong> Access from anywhere in the world<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inheritance benefits:<\/strong> Significantly better provisions for dependents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Malta as the Leading QROPS Location<\/h3>\n<p>Why Malta of all places? Good question.<\/p>\n<p>After working with over 200 expat clients, I can say Malta hits the sweet spot for QROPS. Here, EU law, tax advantages, and political stability all come together.<\/p>\n<p>A summary of Malta\u2019s advantages:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Criteria<\/th>\n<th>Malta<\/th>\n<th>Other QROPS Locations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>EU Membership<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Since 2004<\/td>\n<td>Partially<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pension tax rate<\/td>\n<td>15% (often less)<\/td>\n<td>0-35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Double taxation treaties<\/td>\n<td>75+ countries<\/td>\n<td>Varies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Regulatory quality<\/td>\n<td>EU standard<\/td>\n<td>Varies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minimum holding period<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<td>Often 5-10 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Especially important: Malta doesn\u2019t have the \u201c5-year rule\u201d like many other QROPS jurisdictions. That means you have flexible access to your money immediately after transfer.<\/p>\n<h3>Regulation and Security in Malta<\/h3>\n<p>This is crucial for anyone nervous about offshore setups.<\/p>\n<p>Malta isn\u2019t an offshore haven. It\u2019s a full EU member with some of the strictest financial supervision in Europe\u2014the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA).<\/p>\n<p>MFSA regulates according to EU directives. This means:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Deposit protection:<\/strong> Up to \u20ac100,000 per person protected<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transparency:<\/strong> Regular reporting to German authorities<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compliance standards:<\/strong> Same level as Germany\u2019s BaFin<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investor protection:<\/strong> Segregated client funds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A client told me recently: Richard, I feel safer with my Malta QROPS than with my German Riester pension.<\/p>\n<p>I get it. The German Riester pension isn\u2019t actually protected by a deposit insurance scheme but just by the Pensionssicherungsverein.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"deutsche-riester-nachteile\">\n<h2>German Riester Pension for Expats: The Hidden Drawbacks<\/h2>\n<h3>What Happens to Riester When You Move Abroad<\/h3>\n<p>This is where it gets uncomfortable. There\u2019s something about the Riester pension your German advisor probably hasn\u2019t told you.<\/p>\n<p>The Riester pension is a national incentive scheme. It only works while you live and work in Germany.<\/p>\n<p>As soon as you move abroad, here\u2019s what happens:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Incentives gone:<\/strong> All state bonuses must be repaid<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax breaks lost:<\/strong> All tax savings must be reimbursed<\/li>\n<li><strong>No more flexibility:<\/strong> Withdrawals only possible under German rules<\/li>\n<li><strong>Returns suffer:<\/strong> Often negative real returns after repayments<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Thomas\u2019s real-life example:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Position<\/th>\n<th>Amount<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Total contributions<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac60,000<\/td>\n<td>15 years \u00d7 \u20ac4,000 per year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>State bonuses received<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac18,000<\/td>\n<td>Basic + child allowance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tax savings<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac17,000<\/td>\n<td>Average \u20ac1,133 per year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Repayment amount<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac35,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Bonuses + tax benefits<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Capital remaining<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac25,000<\/td>\n<td>After repayments and fees<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>So Thomas would have paid in \u20ac60,000 and get only \u20ac25,000 back\u2014a negative return of over 40%.<\/p>\n<p>This is the reality for expats with Riester pensions.<\/p>\n<h3>Tax Traps and Repayment Obligations<\/h3>\n<p>It gets worse. The tax pitfalls of the Riester pension are tricky.<\/p>\n<p>Here are the main traps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Non-qualified use:<\/strong> Any use not Riester-compliant triggers repayments<\/li>\n<li><strong>5-year rule:<\/strong> Move abroad too soon and you lose everything<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interest on repayments:<\/strong> 6% per year on repayable incentives<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax disadvantages:<\/strong> Pension taxed fully at German rates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A particularly nasty aspect: Even a temporary move abroad can trigger a repayment obligation.<\/p>\n<p>Example: Elena, an entrepreneur from Hamburg, moved to Cyprus for two years. The temporary change of residence alone cost her \u20ac12,000 in repayments.<\/p>\n<h3>Why the Riester Pension Punishes Expats<\/h3>\n<p>The system is designed to keep people in Germany. It\u2019s a tax cage.<\/p>\n<p>The structure of the Riester pension systematically blocks international mobility:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Life situation<\/th>\n<th>Riester consequence<\/th>\n<th>Effect<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Job abroad<\/td>\n<td>Incentives withdrawn<\/td>\n<td>Immediate repayment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Emigration<\/td>\n<td>Contract reversal<\/td>\n<td>Total loss of incentives<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sabbatical abroad<\/td>\n<td>Non-qualified use<\/td>\n<td>Interest and penalties<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>International marriage<\/td>\n<td>Loss of entitlement<\/td>\n<td>Repayment required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Honestly: The Riester pension is problematic for anyone even considering a life outside Germany.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why I advise my clients: Stay away from Riester pensions if you see yourself as international!<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"direkter-vergleich\">\n<h2>Direct Comparison: Malta QROPS vs. German Riester Pension<\/h2>\n<h3>Return Differences in Cold Hard Numbers<\/h3>\n<p>Time for the hard facts. Numbers don\u2019t lie.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll show you why Malta QROPS beat Riester. Not just by a little, but by a mile.<\/p>\n<p>Assumptions for our comparison:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>40-year-old expat, 25 years to retirement<\/li>\n<li>Annual contribution: \u20ac4,000<\/li>\n<li>Investment period: 25 years<\/li>\n<li>Residence: Dubai (0% income tax)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Criteria<\/th>\n<th>Malta QROPS<\/th>\n<th>German Riester Pension<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual contribution<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac4,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac4,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>State incentives<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac600 per year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tax benefit<\/td>\n<td>None (0% tax rate)<\/td>\n<td>Lost if you emigrate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual fees<\/td>\n<td>0.8\u20131.2%<\/td>\n<td>1.5\u20132.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Expected return<\/td>\n<td>6\u20137% p.a.<\/td>\n<td>3\u20134% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Capital after 25 years<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac285,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac185,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Payout tax rate<\/td>\n<td>15% (Malta)<\/td>\n<td>100% taxable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Net pension per month<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac1,015<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac740<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The result: 37% more pension with Malta QROPS.<\/p>\n<p>But that\u2019s not even factoring in Riester\u2019s repayment obligations yet.<\/p>\n<h3>Tax Treatment Compared<\/h3>\n<p>The contrast gets even starker here.<\/p>\n<p>Malta QROPS benefit from Malta\u2019s progressive tax rates. When drawing your pension, you pay a max of 15%\u2014often less.<\/p>\n<p>German Riester pensions, meanwhile, are fully taxable. For a German retiree with a total pension of \u20ac2,500, that means a tax rate of about 25\u201330%.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s crunch the numbers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Malta QROPS:<\/strong> \u20ac1,015 gross \u00d7 85% = \u20ac863 net<\/li>\n<li><strong>German Riester:<\/strong> \u20ac740 gross \u00d7 75% = \u20ac555 net<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The difference: \u20ac308 a month or 55% more net pension.<\/p>\n<p>Over 20 years of retirement, that\u2019s \u20ac73,920 in your pocket.<\/p>\n<h3>Flexibility and Access<\/h3>\n<p>Flexibility is essential for expats. Malta QROPS wins hands down.<\/p>\n<p>The flexibility matrix:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aspect<\/th>\n<th>Malta QROPS<\/th>\n<th>German Riester Pension<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Payout age<\/td>\n<td>55<\/td>\n<td>62 (with deduction)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Partial withdrawals<\/td>\n<td>Possible anytime<\/td>\n<td>Not possible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lump sum payout<\/td>\n<td>25% tax-free possible<\/td>\n<td>Only for small pensions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inheritance<\/td>\n<td>100% to heirs<\/td>\n<td>Often reverts to insurer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Currency<\/td>\n<td>EUR, USD, GBP, etc.<\/td>\n<td>EUR only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Moving countries<\/td>\n<td>No problem<\/td>\n<td>Repayment obligation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Inheritance rules are key for expat families. With Malta QROPS, your children inherit everything. With Riester? Often the insurer keeps it all.<\/p>\n<p>This isnt just unfair\u2014it destroys generational wealth.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"35-prozent-mehr-rente\">\n<h2>35% Higher Pension: How Expats Maximize Their Benefits<\/h2>\n<h3>Calculation Example for a Typical Expat<\/h3>\n<p>Let me introduce you to Robert\u2014a real-world example from my consulting practice.<\/p>\n<p>Robert, 42, management consultant:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Residence: Dubai since 2020<\/li>\n<li>German Riester pension since 2015<\/li>\n<li>Annual contribution: \u20ac2,100<\/li>\n<li>Planned retirement age: 67<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Robert\u2019s Riester dilemma:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total contributions: \u20ac21,000 (10 years)<\/li>\n<li>State incentive received: \u20ac6,000<\/li>\n<li>Repayment obligation: \u20ac6,000 + interest<\/li>\n<li>Effective return: -2% per year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Our QROPS solution:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Transfer Riester capital:<\/strong> \u20ac27,000 to Malta<\/li>\n<li><strong>Optimized investment strategy:<\/strong> Diversified portfolio<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax optimization:<\/strong> Use Malta\u2019s tax regime<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flexible contributions:<\/strong> \u20ac3,000 per year<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The result after 25 years:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Scenario<\/th>\n<th>Capital at Retirement<\/th>\n<th>Monthly Pension<\/th>\n<th>Lifetime Extra Return<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Stick with Riester<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac145,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac580<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Malta QROPS<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac235,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac940<\/td>\n<td>+\u20ac360 a month<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Advantage<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+\u20ac90,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+62%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+\u20ac86,400 over 20 years<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Robert\u2019s comment: Richard, I wish I\u2019d come to you sooner.<\/p>\n<h3>Tax Optimization with Strategic Structuring<\/h3>\n<p>This will interest all tax optimization fans.<\/p>\n<p>Malta QROPS allow for a three-level tax optimization:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Accumulation phase:<\/strong> Capital gains are tax-free in Malta<\/li>\n<li><strong>Payout phase:<\/strong> Just 15% tax in Malta<\/li>\n<li><strong>Double tax treaties:<\/strong> Malta tax credited in your country of residence<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Practical example for an expat in Dubai:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Malta tax:<\/strong> 15% on pension withdrawals<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dubai tax:<\/strong> 0% on foreign pensions<\/li>\n<li><strong>Effective tax:<\/strong> 15% (no double taxation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For an expat in Cyprus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Malta tax:<\/strong> 15% on pension withdrawals<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyprus tax:<\/strong> 5% on foreign pensions over \u20ac3,420 p.a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Offset in Cyprus:<\/strong> Malta tax credited<\/li>\n<li><strong>Effective tax:<\/strong> 15% (Malta higher than Cyprus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The best part: You never pay tax twice\u2014only the higher rate applies.<\/p>\n<h3>Long-Term Wealth Building Strategies<\/h3>\n<p>Malta QROPS are more than just a pension\u2014they\u2019re a wealth management platform.<\/p>\n<p>My recommended 3-pillar strategy for expats:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Core portfolio (60%):<\/strong> Stable world equity ETFs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Growth portfolio (30%):<\/strong> Emerging markets and tech investments<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alternative investments (10%):<\/strong> REITs, commodities, crypto<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Sample allocation for a 40-year-old expat:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Asset Class<\/th>\n<th>Allocation<\/th>\n<th>Sample ETF<\/th>\n<th>Expected Return<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Developed Markets<\/td>\n<td>40%<\/td>\n<td>MSCI World<\/td>\n<td>7% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Emerging Markets<\/td>\n<td>20%<\/td>\n<td>MSCI Emerging Markets<\/td>\n<td>8% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>US Tech<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>NASDAQ 100<\/td>\n<td>10% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>European REITs<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>FTSE EPRA Europe<\/td>\n<td>6% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bonds<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>Global Bonds<\/td>\n<td>4% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Commodities<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<td>Commodity ETF<\/td>\n<td>5% p.a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>You simply can\u2019t get that diversification with Riester. You\u2019re stuck with a few overpriced funds.<\/p>\n<p>The bottom line: Malta QROPS generate 3\u20134% more per year in the long run than Riester products.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"transfer-anleitung\">\n<h2>Step-by-Step: How to Transfer Your Retirement Savings to Malta<\/h2>\n<h3>Requirements and Planning Phase<\/h3>\n<p>Before you begin the transfer, check the prerequisites.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s a checklist for a successful transfer:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tax residency:<\/strong> You must no longer be a German tax resident<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minimum capital:<\/strong> Usually worthwhile from \u20ac50,000 upward<\/li>\n<li><strong>Age:<\/strong> Ideally between 30 and 55<\/li>\n<li><strong>Risk tolerance:<\/strong> Medium to high risk appetite required<\/li>\n<li><strong>Long-term view:<\/strong> At least 10 years to retirement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The planning phase covers three key areas:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tax analysis:<\/strong> Impacts in your current and future countries<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capital calculation:<\/strong> How much can you transfer?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strategy development:<\/strong> Investment and withdrawal plan<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Important: Transfers are only possible for certain German pension products. Riester pensions cannot be transferred directly.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, I recommend this approach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Set Riester pension to paid-up status<\/li>\n<li>Route future contributions to Malta QROPS<\/li>\n<li>When moving abroad: Cancel Riester, transfer capital<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The Transfer Process in Detail<\/h3>\n<p>The process involves six defined phases:<\/p>\n<p>Phase 1: Provider selection &amp; due diligence<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Research QROPS providers (HMRC-registered only)<\/li>\n<li>Compare fee structures<\/li>\n<li>Check regulation and deposit protection<\/li>\n<li>Assess investment options<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phase 2: Application &amp; documentation<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Complete QROPS application<\/li>\n<li>ID verification (KYC procedures)<\/li>\n<li>Proof of non-German residence<\/li>\n<li>Transfer form from existing pension provider<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phase 3: Valuation and Transfer Timing<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Step<\/th>\n<th>Duration<\/th>\n<th>Responsible<\/th>\n<th>Cost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Application processing<\/td>\n<td>2\u20134 weeks<\/td>\n<td>QROPS provider<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Benefit valuation<\/td>\n<td>4\u20138 weeks<\/td>\n<td>German pension provider<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac50\u2013200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transfer execution<\/td>\n<td>2\u20136 weeks<\/td>\n<td>Both parties<\/td>\n<td>0.5\u20131%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Investment setup<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132 weeks<\/td>\n<td>QROPS provider<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Phase 4: Tax reporting<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Report to German tax authorities<\/li>\n<li>Register with Maltese authorities<\/li>\n<li>Document for future tax returns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phase 5: Building Your Portfolio<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Implement investment strategy<\/li>\n<li>Establish diversification<\/li>\n<li>Set up rebalancing plan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Phase 6: Ongoing management<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Quarterly portfolio reviews<\/li>\n<li>Annual tax optimization<\/li>\n<li>Adjustments if you move again<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them<\/h3>\n<p>With experience from over 200 transfers, I\u2019ve seen the typical pitfalls.<\/p>\n<p>The top 5 mistakes and their solutions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Mistake: Transferring too early<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Problem: Transfer before final departure from Germany<\/li>\n<li>Solution: Only transfer after de-registering with German tax<\/li>\n<li>Consequence: German tax on your entire QROPS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mistake: Wrong provider<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Problem: Unregulated or non-HMRC-registered provider<\/li>\n<li>Solution: Only choose established, regulated QROPS<\/li>\n<li>Consequence: Loss of QROPS status and tax penalties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mistake: Bad timing<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Problem: Transfer during unfavorable markets<\/li>\n<li>Solution: Stagger the transfer over months<\/li>\n<li>Consequence: Unnecessary losses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mistake: Poor documentation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Problem: Missing records for tax authorities<\/li>\n<li>Solution: Full documentation from day one<\/li>\n<li>Consequence: Tax audits and fines<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mistake: No professional advice<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Problem: DIY transfers without expertise<\/li>\n<li>Solution: Qualified retirement\/tax advice<\/li>\n<li>Consequence: Suboptimal structure and tax issues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>My tip: Invest \u20ac2,000\u20133,000 in professional advice. It\u2019ll save you \u20ac10,000\u201320,000 in the long run.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"rechtliche-aspekte\">\n<h2>Legal Aspects and Pitfalls of QROPS Malta<\/h2>\n<h3>Understanding Double Tax Treaties<\/h3>\n<p>This is one of the trickiest areas. Double taxation agreements (DTAs) determine your effective tax burden.<\/p>\n<p>The DTA between Germany and Malta defines who gets to tax which income.<\/p>\n<p>For QROPS pensions, the following applies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Taxing rights:<\/strong> Go to your country of residence<\/li>\n<li><strong>Malta withholding tax:<\/strong> 15% (may be reduced)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Credit:<\/strong> Malta tax is credited in your country of residence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Practical impact depending on residency:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Country of Residence<\/th>\n<th>Local Tax Rate<\/th>\n<th>Malta Withholding Tax<\/th>\n<th>Effective Burden<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Dubai (UAE)<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cyprus<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portugal (NHR)<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td>25\u201345%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>25\u201345%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Switzerland<\/td>\n<td>20\u201330%<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>20\u201330%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Important: In low-tax countries you pay at least the Malta withholding tax of 15%.<\/p>\n<h3>Reporting Duties in Germany<\/h3>\n<p>Expats still have reporting obligations in Germany.<\/p>\n<p>The most important requirements:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Foreign capital gains<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Reporting required: Yes, if over \u20ac256\/year<\/li>\n<li>Form: Anlage KAP with your tax return<\/li>\n<li>Deadline: May 31 of the following year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Foreign pension entitlements<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Reporting required: Yes, valued above \u20ac15,000<\/li>\n<li>Form: Anlage AUS with your tax return<\/li>\n<li>Valuation: Surrender value or monthly contribution \u00d7 12<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Common Reporting Standard (CRS)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Automatic reporting: Malta reports to Germany<\/li>\n<li>Data: Balances, gains, transactions<\/li>\n<li>When: Annually by September 30<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>My tip: Keep a detailed tax diary. Makes reporting much easier each year.<\/p>\n<h3>When QROPS Don\u2019t Make Sense<\/h3>\n<p>I believe in honesty. QROPS isn\u2019t the perfect solution for everyone.<\/p>\n<p>QROPS make NO sense if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Short stay abroad:<\/strong> Less than 5 years abroad<\/li>\n<li><strong>Planning to return to Germany:<\/strong> German taxes wipe out the benefits<\/li>\n<li><strong>Very conservative investors:<\/strong> No return advantage<\/li>\n<li><strong>Small capital:<\/strong> Below \u20ac50,000, fixed fees outweigh the gain<\/li>\n<li><strong>Short-term capital needs:<\/strong> QROPS is for the long view<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Practical cut-offs from my experience:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Criteria<\/th>\n<th>QROPS Worthwhile<\/th>\n<th>QROPS Not Worthwhile<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Time abroad<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 5 years<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 3 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Capital amount<\/td>\n<td>&gt; \u20ac50,000<\/td>\n<td>&lt; \u20ac25,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Age at transfer<\/td>\n<td>30\u201355<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risk tolerance<\/td>\n<td>Medium to high<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Residence\/country tax<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 25%<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Most important: If you plan to return to Germany, QROPS usually aren\u2019t a good idea.<\/p>\n<p>German taxes erase all the advantages.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"praxisbeispiele\">\n<h2>Case Studies: Real Expat Cases and Solutions<\/h2>\n<p>Let me share three real cases from my practice (names changed, figures real).<\/p>\n<h3>Case 1: Marcus \u2013 The Online Entrepreneur<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Starting Point:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age: 38<\/li>\n<li>Profession: E-commerce entrepreneur<\/li>\n<li>Residence: Dubai since 2019<\/li>\n<li>German Riester pension: \u20ac45,000 capital<\/li>\n<li>Problem: Repayment demand for \u20ac18,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Our solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Riester set to paid-up<\/li>\n<li>Malta QROPS opened with \u20ac50,000 starting capital<\/li>\n<li>Aggressive portfolio (70% equity ETFs)<\/li>\n<li>Annual contributions: \u20ac15,000<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Results after 3 years:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Category<\/th>\n<th>Riester scenario<\/th>\n<th>QROPS reality<\/th>\n<th>Difference<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Capital paid in<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac90,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac95,000<\/td>\n<td>+\u20ac5,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Current value<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac67,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac125,000<\/td>\n<td>+\u20ac58,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Annual fees<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac2,100<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac1,200<\/td>\n<td>\u2013\u20ac900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flexibility<\/td>\n<td>None<\/td>\n<td>Full<\/td>\n<td>+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Marcus\u2019 comment: I never imagined the difference would be so dramatic. QROPS have transformed my retirement planning.<\/p>\n<h3>Case 2: Sophie \u2013 The Coaching Entrepreneur<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Starting Point:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age: 33<\/li>\n<li>Profession: Business coach<\/li>\n<li>Residence: Portugal (NHR status)<\/li>\n<li>No German pension<\/li>\n<li>Goal: Optimal retirement strategy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Our solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Malta QROPS as main pension plan<\/li>\n<li>Conservative investment (50% equities, 50% bonds)<\/li>\n<li>Annual contributions: \u20ac8,000<\/li>\n<li>Additionally: Portuguese Riester-equivalent<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Projection to retirement (34 years):<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Component<\/th>\n<th>Total contributions<\/th>\n<th>Expected capital<\/th>\n<th>Monthly pension<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Malta QROPS<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac272,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac685,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac2,280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portugal PPR<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac68,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac145,000<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac485<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac340,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac830,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac2,765<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Special note: Sophie only pays 10% tax on pensions thanks to Portugal\u2019s NHR status.<\/p>\n<h3>Case 3: Elena \u2013 The Marketing Entrepreneur<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Starting Point:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age: 42<\/li>\n<li>Profession: Marketing agency owner<\/li>\n<li>Residence: Cyprus since 2021<\/li>\n<li>German occupational pension: \u20ac85,000<\/li>\n<li>Problem: High costs with German scheme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Our solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Transfer German plan to Malta (tax-free transfer possible)<\/li>\n<li>Balanced strategy (60% equities, 40% bonds)<\/li>\n<li>No new contributions (let capital grow)<\/li>\n<li>Flexible withdrawals from 55<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Comparison of different scenarios:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Scenario<\/th>\n<th>Capital at 67<\/th>\n<th>Tax rate<\/th>\n<th>Net pension<\/th>\n<th>Inheritance<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Keep German plan<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac165,000<\/td>\n<td>25%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac495<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Malta QROPS<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac285,000<\/td>\n<td>5% (Cyprus)<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac1,085<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>QROPS advantage<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+\u20ac120,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u201320%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+\u20ac590<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+++<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Elena\u2019s case shows: Even without extra contributions, QROPS can generate far bigger pensions thanks to better performance and lower taxes.<\/p>\n<h3>Lessons Learned from All Cases<\/h3>\n<p>These three cases reveal the main keys to success:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Start early:<\/strong> The sooner you transfer, the bigger the benefit<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax optimization:<\/strong> Where you live is crucial for overall efficiency<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investment strategy:<\/strong> Should match your risk profile and horizon<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use flexibility:<\/strong> QROPS let you adjust along the way<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>My conclusion: All three clients would have been far worse off with German solutions.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fazit\">\n<h2>Conclusion and Next Steps to Optimize Your Pension<\/h2>\n<p>Let me recap the hard facts for you.<\/p>\n<p>Malta QROPS give German expats up to 35% more pension than German Riester plans. That\u2019s not marketing\u2014it\u2019s math.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s why:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lower fees:<\/strong> 0.8\u20131.2% vs. 1.5\u20132.5% per year<\/li>\n<li><strong>Higher returns:<\/strong> 6\u20137% vs. 3\u20134% thanks to better investment choices<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tax advantages:<\/strong> 15% vs. 25\u201345% rates on pensions<\/li>\n<li><strong>Portability:<\/strong> International flexibility, no repayments due<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But\u2014this is key\u2014QROPS aren\u2019t for everyone.<\/p>\n<p>They only make sense if you:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plan to live abroad long-term (at least 5 years)<\/li>\n<li>Don\u2019t intend to return to Germany<\/li>\n<li>Have sufficient capital (from \u20ac50,000)<\/li>\n<li>Are comfortable with some investment risk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Your Next Steps<\/h3>\n<p>If you\u2019ve read this far, you\u2019re serious. Good.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s your actionable checklist:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Analyze your current situation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Which German pension contracts do you have?<\/li>\n<li>What\u2019s the annual cost?<\/li>\n<li>What happens if you move?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Check your expat suitability<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Are you planning to live abroad long-term?<\/li>\n<li>Is returning to Germany out of the question?<\/li>\n<li>Is your foreign residence stable?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calculate your potential<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Use QROPS provider calculators<\/li>\n<li>Get real scenarios worked out for you<\/li>\n<li>Factor in your age and time horizon<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Get professional advice<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Contact a qualified tax advisor<\/li>\n<li>Talk to QROPS specialists<\/li>\n<li>Have several providers presented to you<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>My Personal Advice to You<\/h3>\n<p>After more than 200 successfully managed transfers I can assure you of one thing: Most expats only regret one thing\u2014not acting sooner.<\/p>\n<p>Every year spent in a sub-par German plan is a hit to your bottom line.<\/p>\n<p>But don\u2019t let anyone rush you. Optimizing your pension is a life decision.<\/p>\n<p>Take your time. Ask questions. Understand the mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p>And when you\u2019re convinced, act decisively.<\/p>\n<p>Your retirement plan should be as international as your life.<\/p>\n<p>Malta QROPS make that possible.<\/p>\n<p>Yours, RMS<\/p>\n<p><em>P.S.: If you have questions about your specific situation, just drop me a line. I\u2019m happy to give you an initial assessment.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<h3>Can I transfer my German Riester Pension directly to Malta?<\/h3>\n<p>No, you can\u2019t transfer a Riester pension directly. You\u2019ll need to cancel the Riester plan and invest the capital (after deductions) in a Malta QROPS. My advice: put your Riester on paid-up status and invest new contributions directly in QROPS.<\/p>\n<h3>What are the costs for Malta QROPS?<\/h3>\n<p>Annual management fees typically run between 0.8% and 1.2% of your assets. Fund costs add another 0.2% to 0.8%. One-time setup fees are usually \u20ac500\u20131,500. That\u2019s much cheaper than Riester plans, which charge 1.5\u20132.5% yearly.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I have to pay taxes in Germany if I have a Malta QROPS?<\/h3>\n<p>This depends on your tax residence. If you are no longer tax-resident in Germany, you only pay Malta\u2019s 15% withholding tax. If you\u2019re still liable for German tax, you must declare QROPS income in Germany, but Malta tax can be credited.<\/p>\n<h3>At what age can I withdraw money from a Malta QROPS?<\/h3>\n<p>With Malta QROPS, you can make withdrawals from age 55. That\u2019s far more flexible than German plans, which are only accessible from 62 (with deductions) or 67. Partial withdrawals are possible anytime.<\/p>\n<h3>What happens to my Malta QROPS if I die?<\/h3>\n<p>Malta QROPS offer excellent inheritance rules. All capital goes 100% to your heirs\u2014no inheritance tax in Malta. In contrast, most Riester pensions in Germany forfeit much of the capital to the insurer.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I invest in Malta QROPS with small amounts?<\/h3>\n<p>Most Malta QROPS require minimum deposits of \u20ac25,000 to \u20ac50,000. Below that, the fixed costs eat into your gains. There are a few specialist providers for smaller sums, with minimums of \u20ac10,000.<\/p>\n<h3>How safe are Malta QROPS compared to German products?<\/h3>\n<p>Malta QROPS are regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority (MFSA) under EU law. Deposit protection is \u20ac100,000 per person. Client funds are segregated and protected even if the provider fails. Security is on par with German products.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I change my investment strategy with Malta QROPS?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, that\u2019s a huge advantage. You can change your investment mix, switch funds, or adjust risk at any time. German Riester plans do not offer this flexibility.<\/p>\n<h3>What if I move back to Germany?<\/h3>\n<p>If you return to Germany, your Malta QROPS becomes subject to German taxation. Withdrawals must then be fully declared in Germany. That\u2019s why QROPS only make sense if you\u2019re planning to stay abroad long term.<\/p>\n<h3>How long does it take to transfer to a Malta QROPS?<\/h3>\n<p>The entire process typically takes 3\u20136 months. This includes application processing (2\u20134 weeks), valuation of existing benefits (4\u20138 weeks), and the actual transfer (2\u20136 weeks). For Riester plans, expect extra time due to cancellation processes.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents What are QROPS and why Malta is the pension paradise for expats German Riester Pension for Expats: The Hidden Drawbacks Direct Comparison: Malta QROPS vs. German Riester Pension 35% Higher Pension: How Expats Maximize Their Benefits Step-by-Step: How to Transfer Your Retirement Savings to Malta Legal Aspects and Pitfalls of QROPS Malta [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tldr":"<ul>\n<li><strong>Malta QROPS bieten bis zu 35% mehr Rente<\/strong> als deutsche Riester-Renten durch niedrigere Kosten (0,8-1,2% vs. 1,5-2,5%), h\u00f6here Renditen (6-7% vs. 3-4%) und bessere Steuerkonditionen (15% vs. 25-45%)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Deutsche Riester-Rente bestraft Expats<\/strong> mit R\u00fcckzahlungspflichten von Zulagen und Steuervorteilen bei Wegzug ins Ausland - oft 30.000-50.000 Euro Verlust<\/li>\n<li><strong>Malta als EU-QROPS-Standort<\/strong> kombiniert politische Stabilit\u00e4t, EU-Regulierung, niedrige Steuern (15%) und internationale Flexibilit\u00e4t ohne geografische Beschr\u00e4nkungen<\/li>\n<li><strong>Praktisches Rechenbeispiel:<\/strong> 4.000 Euro j\u00e4hrlich \u00fcber 25 Jahre ergeben bei Malta QROPS 1.015 Euro monatliche Rente vs. 740 Euro bei Riester-Rente (nach R\u00fcckzahlungen)<\/li>\n<li><strong>QROPS eignen sich f\u00fcr Expats<\/strong> mit mindestens 50.000 Euro Kapital, dauerhaftem Auslandswohnsitz (&gt;5 Jahre) und mittlerer Risikobereitschaft - nicht bei geplanter Deutschland-R\u00fcckkehr<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transfer-Prozess dauert 3-6 Monate<\/strong> und erfordert professionelle Beratung - h\u00e4ufige Fehler sind zu fr\u00fcher Transfer und falsche Anbieterauswahl<\/li>\n<li><strong>Steuerliche Vorteile variieren je Wohnsitzland:<\/strong> In Dubai\/Zypern nur 15% Gesamtbelastung, bei Deutschland-R\u00fcckkehr volle deutsche Steuerpflicht<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flexibilit\u00e4t \u00fcberzeugt:<\/strong> Auszahlungen ab 55 Jahren, 100% Vererbung an Erben, internationale Portabilit\u00e4t und jederzeit anpassbare Anlagestrategie<\/li>\n<\/ul>","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nicht-kategorisiert"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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