{"id":736,"date":"2025-05-27T18:46:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-27T18:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/meyer-stern.com\/portugal-d7-visa-for-passive-income-proving-income-from-pensions-dividends-and-interest-a-detailed-application-guide\/"},"modified":"2025-05-27T18:46:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T18:46:38","slug":"portugal-d7-visa-for-passive-income-proving-income-from-pensions-dividends-and-interest-a-detailed-application-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/meyer-stern.com\/en\/portugal-d7-visa-for-passive-income-proving-income-from-pensions-dividends-and-interest-a-detailed-application-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Portugal D7 Visa for Passive Income: Proving Income from Pensions, Dividends, and Interest \u2013 A Detailed Application Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"TOC\">\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#warum-passive-einkommen\">Portugal D7 Visa: Why Passive Income is the Key<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#einkommensvoraussetzungen\">D7 Visa Income Requirements: Which Passive Incomes Count<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#renten-einkommensnachweis\">Using Pensions as Proof of Income for the D7 Visa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dividenden-kapitalertraege\">Dividends and Capital Gains: How to Prove Them<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zinsertraege-andere\">Interest Income and Other Passive Earnings for the D7 Visa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#antragsanleitung\">D7 Visa Application Guide: Step-by-Step to Success<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#haeufige-fehler\">Common Mistakes When Applying for the D7 Visa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#steuerliche-ueberlegungen\">Tax Considerations for the D7 Visa<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#faq\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<section>\n<p>I see it every day: Entrepreneurs come to me asking for the best path to Portugal.<\/p>\n<p>And here\u2019s the deal:<\/p>\n<p>Most people immediately think of the D2 Investor Visa or complicated corporate setups.<\/p>\n<p>But they miss the most elegant route: the D7 Visa for passive income.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s call it like it is:<\/p>\n<p>If you already have pensions, dividends, or interest income, the D7 Visa is often the most direct route to Portugal. No massive investments. No complex company structures.<\/p>\n<p>But beware:<\/p>\n<p>The devil is in the details. Not all passive income is treated equally. The Portuguese authorities have clear ideas about what qualifies as sufficient proof of income.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll guide you through the whole process. From properly assessing your passive income to submitting a successful application.<\/p>\n<p>Ready for your path to Portugal?<\/p>\n<p>Yours, RMS<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"warum-passive-einkommen\">\n<h2>Portugal D7 Visa: Why Passive Income is the Key<\/h2>\n<p>The D7 Visa (officially: Residence Permit for Pensioners and Self-Sufficient Individuals) is Portugal\u2019s answer to the growing demand for residency programs for financially independent people.<\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s the crux:<\/p>\n<p>Unlike other visa categories, you don\u2019t have to run a business in Portugal. This makes the D7 Visa particularly attractive for those who already have stable passive income streams.<\/p>\n<h3>The Advantages of the D7 Visa at a Glance<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>No minimum investment required<\/strong> \u2013 unlike the Golden Visa<\/li>\n<li><strong>Right of residence throughout the EU<\/strong> after five years<\/li>\n<li><strong>Family reunification possible<\/strong> for spouses and children<\/li>\n<li><strong>Access to the NHR program<\/strong> (Non-Habitual Resident) with tax benefits<\/li>\n<li><strong>No physical presence required<\/strong> except for 7 days per year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Who Benefits Most from the D7 Visa?<\/h3>\n<p>The D7 Visa is ideal for people in the following situations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Early retirees<\/strong> with a sufficient pension or retirement benefit<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dividend investors<\/strong> with a well-diversified portfolio<\/li>\n<li><strong>Real estate investors<\/strong> with regular rental income<\/li>\n<li><strong>People with interest income<\/strong> from large capital assets<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recipients of royalties<\/strong> or other recurring income<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The big advantage: you can retain your existing income structure. No need to overhaul your finances.<\/p>\n<h3>Set Realistic Expectations<\/h3>\n<p>Before we go into details, let me be frank:<\/p>\n<p>The D7 Visa isn\u2019t a quick win. The application process typically takes 4\u20138 months. You\u2019ll also need to prove that your passive income is ongoing and stable.<\/p>\n<p>Meaning: a one-off lottery win isn\u2019t enough. The Portuguese authorities want to see continuity.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"einkommensvoraussetzungen\">\n<h2>D7 Visa Income Requirements: Which Passive Incomes Count<\/h2>\n<p>Lets get to the central question: How much passive income do you really need?<\/p>\n<p>The official minimum threshold is \u20ac760 per month (as of 2025). This corresponds to the Portuguese minimum wage.<\/p>\n<p>But here\u2019s where it gets interesting:<\/p>\n<p>In practice, authorities expect significantly more. My experience shows: you should be able to prove at least \u20ac1,200\u20131,500 per month.<\/p>\n<h3>Recognised Forms of Passive Income<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Income<\/th>\n<th>Recognised<\/th>\n<th>Special Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>State pensions<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Most straightforward to prove<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Private pensions<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Need insurance certificate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dividends<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>3-year history required<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interest income<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Proof of capital needed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rental income<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Rental contracts as proof<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Royalties<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 With restrictions<\/td>\n<td>Continuity must be documented<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cryptocurrency staking<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f Case-by-case review<\/td>\n<td>New category, still uncertain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Combinations Are Possible and Encouraged<\/h3>\n<p>You don\u2019t need to receive all \u20ac1,500 from one source. In fact, the authorities like to see diversification:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example of a successful combination:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Private pension: \u20ac600\/month<\/li>\n<li>Dividends from ETF portfolio: \u20ac500\/month<\/li>\n<li>Interest from fixed deposit: \u20ac300\/month<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total: \u20ac1,400\/month<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This combination shows financial stability and diversification. Thats exactly what Portugal wants to see.<\/p>\n<h3>Be Aware of Currency Risks<\/h3>\n<p>An important point that many overlook:<\/p>\n<p>Your income is assessed in euros. Fluctuations in USD, CHF or other currencies can pose a problem.<\/p>\n<p>My recommendation: Plan a buffer of at least 20% if your income isn\u2019t denominated in euros.<\/p>\n<h3>Including Family Members<\/h3>\n<p>For each adult family member, you must prove an additional 50% of the minimum income. For children under 18, it\u2019s 30%.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example calculation for a family:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Main applicant: \u20ac1,500<\/li>\n<li>Spouse: \u20ac750 (50% supplement)<\/li>\n<li>One child (16 years): \u20ac450 (30% supplement)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Total required: \u20ac2,700\/month<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That\u2019s already \u20ac32,400 per year. Not little, but definitely achievable with proper planning.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"renten-einkommensnachweis\">\n<h2>Using Pensions as Proof of Income for the D7 Visa<\/h2>\n<p>Pensions are the easiest way to the D7 Visa. Why? Because they offer the most predictable planning.<\/p>\n<p>The Portuguese authorities love pensions for a simple reason: they\u2019re predictable and usually guaranteed for life.<\/p>\n<h3>State Pensions: The Gold Standard<\/h3>\n<p>If you already receive a state pension, you\u2019re almost there. These are nearly always accepted without further discussion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Required documents for state pensions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Current pension statement (not older than 3 months)<\/li>\n<li>Proof of the last 12 pension payments<\/li>\n<li>Confirmation of lifetime payments from pension authority<\/li>\n<li>Certified translation into Portuguese<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tip from practice: Ask the Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Authority) for a certificate in English. That saves on translation costs and time.<\/p>\n<h3>Private Pensions<\/h3>\n<p>This is a bit more complicated. Private pensions must also prove their reliability and permanence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Additionally required for private pensions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Insurance contract or pension plan<\/li>\n<li>Confirmation from insurer regarding guaranteed term<\/li>\n<li>Proof of capital coverage (for fund-linked pensions)<\/li>\n<li>Proof of concept if payments haven\u2019t started yet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Company Pensions: Special Attention Needed<\/h3>\n<p>Company pensions are generally accepted but require additional documentation:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Pension<\/th>\n<th>Additional Documentation<\/th>\n<th>Likelihood of Acceptance<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Civil servants pension<\/td>\n<td>Pension statement + employment confirmation<\/td>\n<td>Very high (95%+)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Large company pension<\/td>\n<td>Company confirmation + pension fund details<\/td>\n<td>High (85%+)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SME company pension<\/td>\n<td>Detailed company analysis needed<\/td>\n<td>Medium (70%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Startup\/young company<\/td>\n<td>Proof of capital + reserves<\/td>\n<td>Low (40%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Not Drawing a Pension Yet? No Problem!<\/h3>\n<p>You don\u2019t need to already be receiving a pension. Future pension entitlements also count, if they\u2019re close enough.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rule of thumb:<\/strong> If you start receiving your pension within the next 2 years, it\u2019s usually recognised. You\u2019ll then need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pension information or statement from the German Pension Authority<\/li>\n<li>Proof of bridge financing until pension starts<\/li>\n<li>Confirmation of future pension amount<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here\u2019s a concrete example from my practice:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Client Franz (62) wanted to move to Portugal but wouldn\u2019t receive his full pension until age 64. Solution: He proved he could cover the time until retirement with dividends from his stock portfolio, plus a confirmation from the pension authority for a \u20ac1,850 monthly pension from age 64. Application approved!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>International Pensions: What to Watch Out For<\/h3>\n<p>If you receive pensions from multiple countries, it gets more complex, but not impossible:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EU pensions:<\/strong> Easily recognised<\/li>\n<li><strong>Swiss pensions:<\/strong> Very good acceptance<\/li>\n<li><strong>US 401k\/Social Security:<\/strong> Recognised, but requires more documentation<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other countries:<\/strong> Case-by-case assessment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The key with international pensions: Get confirmation early from the relevant providers that payments will continue even if you reside in Portugal.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"dividenden-kapitalertraege\">\n<h2>Dividends and Capital Gains: How to Prove Them<\/h2>\n<p>Dividends are my personal favourite for the D7 Visa. Why? They demonstrate entrepreneurial success and financial literacy.<\/p>\n<p>But be careful:<\/p>\n<p>Authorities look very closely here. Dividends fluctuate. Companies can reduce or suspend distributions.<\/p>\n<h3>Understanding the 3-Year Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Portugal wants to see at least a 3-year dividend history. This is non-negotiable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specifically, this means:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Proof of dividend income for the past 36 months<\/li>\n<li>Average monthly income calculated over this period<\/li>\n<li>Explanation for unusual fluctuations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An example from my consulting practice:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Client Sarah had very high dividends in 2022 (\u20ac2,800\/month), \u20ac900\/month in 2023 (energy crisis), and \u20ac1,600\/month in 2024. Average: \u20ac1,767\/month. With a plausible explanation for 2023, the application was accepted.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Which Securities Are Accepted?<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Security<\/th>\n<th>Accepted<\/th>\n<th>Special Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Blue-chip stocks (DAX, S&amp;P500)<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Best acceptance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dividend ETFs<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>Very good alternative<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 Fully<\/td>\n<td>High payouts valued<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Small caps<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f With reservations<\/td>\n<td>Volatility assessed critically<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Individual growth stocks<\/td>\n<td>\u26a0\ufe0f Difficult<\/td>\n<td>Irregular dividends problematic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cryptocurrency dividends<\/td>\n<td>\u274c Usually not<\/td>\n<td>Too volatile and unregulated<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Optimal Portfolio Structure for the D7 Visa<\/h3>\n<p>From my experience, the following allocation works best:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>40% dividend ETFs:<\/strong> Diversification and stability<\/li>\n<li><strong>30% blue-chip single stocks:<\/strong> Higher payouts<\/li>\n<li><strong>20% REITs:<\/strong> Regular monthly\/quarterly payouts<\/li>\n<li><strong>10% bonds:<\/strong> Extra security<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This shows the authorities you understand how to generate sustainable income.<\/p>\n<h3>Required Documentation for Dividends<\/h3>\n<p>This gets administrative. You\u2019ll need:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Bank\/broker statements for the last 36 months<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>From all brokers\/banks<\/li>\n<li>All dividend payments highlighted<\/li>\n<li>Currency conversion to euros<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annual tax statements<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Germany: Statement of earnings<\/li>\n<li>Abroad: Corresponding tax documents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Portfolio summary<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Current positions<\/li>\n<li>Market values<\/li>\n<li>Expected dividend yield<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bank\/broker confirmation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Regarding continuity of the portfolio<\/li>\n<li>No liens or seizures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Dealing with Fluctuations and Crisis Periods<\/h3>\n<p>The COVID years have shown that even stable dividend stocks may suspend payouts.<\/p>\n<p>My advice: Be conservative in your calculations. If your portfolio could theoretically yield \u20ac1,800\/month, assume \u20ac1,400.<\/p>\n<p>This provides a buffer for:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dividend cuts during downturns<\/li>\n<li>Currency fluctuations for international stocks<\/li>\n<li>Unforeseen tax changes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tax-Optimised Dividend Strategies<\/h3>\n<p>A crucial point many overlook: withholding tax.<\/p>\n<p>When you move to Portugal, your dividends become subject to Portuguese taxation. This can materially affect your net returns.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Optimisation approaches:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Focus on countries with double tax treaties<\/li>\n<li>Use the NHR program (Non-Habitual Resident)<\/li>\n<li>Optimise timing of dividend payouts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More on this later in the tax section.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"zinsertraege-andere\">\n<h2>Interest Income and Other Passive Earnings for the D7 Visa<\/h2>\n<p>Interest income is the most conservative form of passive income. It\u2019s predictable, stable, and highly appreciated by Portuguese authorities.<\/p>\n<p>The catch? In today\u2019s low-interest world, you need significant capital for meaningful returns.<\/p>\n<h3>Calculating Required Capital<\/h3>\n<p>With an interest rate of 3% (realistic average for secure investments), you need the following for \u20ac1,500 per month:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u20ac1,500 \u00d7 12 months \u00f7 0.03 = \u20ac600,000 in capital<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s not trivial. But there are strategies to achieve your goal with less capital.<\/p>\n<h3>Optimised Interest Strategy for the D7 Visa<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Investment Type<\/th>\n<th>Expected Interest Rate<\/th>\n<th>Capital Needed for \u20ac1,500\/month<\/th>\n<th>Risk Assessment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>German government bonds<\/td>\n<td>2.8%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac642,857<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portuguese government bonds<\/td>\n<td>3.2%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac562,500<\/td>\n<td>Low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Corporate bonds (investment grade)<\/td>\n<td>4.1%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac439,024<\/td>\n<td>Medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>High-yield bonds<\/td>\n<td>6.5%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac276,923<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bank fixed deposits<\/td>\n<td>3.5%<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac514,286<\/td>\n<td>Very low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Mixing Strategies for an Optimal Risk-Return Balance<\/h3>\n<p>Most of my clients use a combination:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>50% safe government bonds (2.8%):<\/strong> \u20ac300,000 &rarr; \u20ac700\/month<\/li>\n<li><strong>30% corporate bonds (4.1%):<\/strong> \u20ac180,000 &rarr; \u20ac615\/month<\/li>\n<li><strong>20% fixed deposits\/savings accounts (3.5%):<\/strong> \u20ac120,000 &rarr; \u20ac350\/month<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Total capital: \u20ac600,000 &rarr; \u20ac1,665\/month<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This allocation provides security and exceeds minimum requirements.<\/p>\n<h3>International Interest Optimisation<\/h3>\n<p>This is where it gets interesting for strategic thinkers:<\/p>\n<p>You can benefit from higher interest rates in other countries, as long as the banks are reputable and the income is provable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attractive interest regions (as of 2025):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Switzerland:<\/strong> CHF accounts with 2.5\u20133.8% (very secure)<\/li>\n<li><strong>USA:<\/strong> USD government bonds with 4.2\u20135.1% (stable)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Singapore:<\/strong> SGD fixed deposits at 3.8\u20134.5% (secure)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Norway:<\/strong> NOK investments with 4.0\u20134.8% (stable)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: Factor in currency risks and spread across several currencies.<\/p>\n<h3>Rental Income as Passive Earnings<\/h3>\n<p>Rental income is another recognized source of passive income. It even offers advantages over interest income:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Inflation protection through rent increases<\/li>\n<li>Additional wealth creation via appreciation<\/li>\n<li>Tax depreciation options<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Required Documentation for Rental Income<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Rental agreements for all properties<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Currently valid contracts<\/li>\n<li>Rent amount and payment modalities<\/li>\n<li>Terms and notice periods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rent payment confirmations<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Last 24 months without gaps<\/li>\n<li>Proof of regular payments<\/li>\n<li>Documented handling of missed payments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Property valuations<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Current market values<\/li>\n<li>Land registry extracts<\/li>\n<li>Insurance certificates<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Management confirmation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>If professionally managed<\/li>\n<li>Proof of proper management<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance reserves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Exotic Passive Income Sources<\/h3>\n<p>Creative entrepreneurs often have unusual income streams. Here\u2019s what I\u2019ve experienced:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Income Source<\/th>\n<th>Approval Rate<\/th>\n<th>Required Proof<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Licensing fees (patents\/software)<\/td>\n<td>Good (80%)<\/td>\n<td>3-year history + contract periods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Royalties (books\/music)<\/td>\n<td>Medium (60%)<\/td>\n<td>Licensing society certificates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Franchise fees<\/td>\n<td>Good (85%)<\/td>\n<td>Franchise contracts + history<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Peer-to-peer lending<\/td>\n<td>Difficult (40%)<\/td>\n<td>Platform records + risk analysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cryptocurrency staking<\/td>\n<td>Very difficult (20%)<\/td>\n<td>Still no established practice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>My advice: If you have exotic income sources, combine them with conventional sources. That significantly increases your chances of acceptance.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"antragsanleitung\">\n<h2>D7 Visa Application Guide: Step-by-Step to Success<\/h2>\n<p>Now comes the practical side. Ill walk you through the entire application process.<\/p>\n<p>But first, one crucial realization:<\/p>\n<p>95% of all rejections are due to incomplete or poorly prepared documents. Not insufficient income.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s why systematic preparation is key.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 1: Preparation in Germany (2\u20133 months)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Step 1: Gather income documentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Start collecting documents at least 3 months before applying:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pensions:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Current pension statements<\/li>\n<li>12-month payment history<\/li>\n<li>Confirmation of permanence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investment income:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>36-month history of all dividends\/interest<\/li>\n<li>Current portfolio statements<\/li>\n<li>Portfolio summary with valuation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rental income:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>All rental contracts<\/li>\n<li>24-month history of rent payments<\/li>\n<li>Property appraisals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Step 2: Obtain additional evidence<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Police clearance certificate (not older than 3 months)<\/li>\n<li>Proof of health insurance<\/li>\n<li>Proof of accommodation in Portugal (purchase or rental)<\/li>\n<li>Passport (valid for at least 1 year)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Step 3: Commission translations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All German documents must be translated into Portuguese by sworn translators.<\/p>\n<p>Costs: Expect \u20ac800\u20131,500 for all translations.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 2: Application in Portugal (1\u20132 weeks)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> You must travel to Portugal in person to submit the application. A lawyer can represent you, but the initial registration must be done in person.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 4: Tax registration (NIF)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Before applying for the visa, you\u2019ll need a Portuguese tax number (NIF &#8211; N\u00famero de Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o Fiscal).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Where:<\/strong> Any tax office (Finan\u00e7as) in Portugal<\/li>\n<li><strong>Processing time:<\/strong> Immediate (same day)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cost:<\/strong> Free of charge<\/li>\n<li><strong>Required:<\/strong> Passport + proof of a Portuguese address<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Step 5: Provide proof of accommodation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You need to prove you have accommodation in Portugal:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Option<\/th>\n<th>Required Documents<\/th>\n<th>Approval Rate<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Property purchase<\/td>\n<td>Sales contract + land registry entry<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Long-term lease (&gt;1 year)<\/td>\n<td>Rental contract + deposit<\/td>\n<td>95%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Short-term lease (6\u201312 months)<\/td>\n<td>Rental contract + extension option<\/td>\n<td>80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hotel\/Airbnb<\/td>\n<td>Booking confirmation<\/td>\n<td>30% (emergencies only)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Step 6: Formal visa application<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The application is submitted to SEF (Servi\u00e7o de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Locations:<\/strong> Lisbon, Porto, Faro (appointment required)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Processing fee:<\/strong> \u20ac320<\/li>\n<li><strong>Appointment waiting time:<\/strong> 2\u20136 weeks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Phase 3: Processing and Additional Requests (3\u20136 months)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Step 7: Respond to additional requests<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 80% of cases, there are follow-up requests. Typical examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Updated proofs of income<\/li>\n<li>Additional translations<\/li>\n<li>Clarification of details<\/li>\n<li>Medical checks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: Respond within 10 days. Late replies can lead to rejection.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 8: Biometric data<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you receive a positive pre-approval, you\u2019ll be invited to submit biometric data. That\u2019s a good sign\u2014the approval is nearly certain.<\/p>\n<h3>Phase 4: Approval and Residence Card (2\u20134 weeks)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Step 9: Collect your residence card<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The residence card (T\u00edtulo de Resid\u00eancia) must be picked up in person. It\u2019s valid for 2 years and can be renewed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Step 10: Register with health insurance<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Within 30 days of receiving your card, you must register with Portuguese social security.<\/p>\n<h3>Timeline and Cost Breakdown<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Phase<\/th>\n<th>Duration<\/th>\n<th>Cost<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Preparation in Germany<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133 months<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac1,200\u20132,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Application in Portugal<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132 weeks<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac2,000\u20134,000*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Processing time<\/td>\n<td>3\u20136 months<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac200\u2013500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Approval\/collection<\/td>\n<td>2\u20134 weeks<\/td>\n<td>\u20ac500\u2013800*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>6\u201312 months<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u20ac3,900\u20137,300<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>*Including travel and living expenses in Portugal<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Pro Tips for a Smooth Process<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Over-documentation is better than under-documentation:<\/strong> It\u2019s better to have one document too many than one too few<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consistency is key:<\/strong> All information must be consistent across all documents<\/li>\n<li><strong>Communication is in Portuguese:<\/strong> Always have a translator on hand<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patience pays off:<\/strong> Don\u2019t rush\u2014it only leads to delays<\/li>\n<li><strong>You don\u2019t necessarily need a lawyer:<\/strong> For simple cases you can do it yourself<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>My tip: If your passive income clearly exceeds \u20ac2,000\/month and comes from conventional sources, the application is usually straightforward.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"haeufige-fehler\">\n<h2>Common Mistakes When Applying for the D7 Visa<\/h2>\n<p>In my consulting practice I see the same mistakes again and again. The good news: they\u2019re all avoidable.<\/p>\n<p>Here are the top 10 mistakes and how you can avoid them:<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 1: Unrealistic Income Planning<\/h3>\n<p><strong>What happens:<\/strong> Applicants calculate using 2023 dividend figures as though those levels will persist indefinitely.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why this is a problem:<\/strong> 2023 was an exceptionally strong dividend year. The authorities know the markets and get suspicious of above-average numbers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong> Calculate using a 3-year average, and plausibly explain any outlier years.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong> Instead of projecting \u20ac2,400\/month from 2023, take the average of 2022 (\u20ac1,800), 2023 (\u20ac2,400) and 2024 (\u20ac1,900) = \u20ac2,033\/month. That\u2019s honest and realistic.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Mistake 2: Ignoring Currency Risks<\/h3>\n<p><strong>What happens:<\/strong> US dividends are just converted to euros 1:1, without considering currency fluctuations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong> Plan a currency buffer of 15\u201320%, especially for USD, CHF, or GBP income.<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 3: Incomplete Documentation<\/h3>\n<p>This is the most common reason for rejections or delays:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Commonly Forgotten Documents<\/th>\n<th>Consequence<\/th>\n<th>How to Avoid<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>12-month history for pensions<\/td>\n<td>Follow-up request + 2-month delay<\/td>\n<td>Request early from pension office<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Apostille for foreign documents<\/td>\n<td>Complete new translation required<\/td>\n<td>Get apostille for all documents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Proof of health insurance<\/td>\n<td>Application not processed<\/td>\n<td>Get an international policy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NIF number<\/td>\n<td>Can\u2019t submit application<\/td>\n<td>First trip just to get the NIF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Mistake 4: The Wrong Health Insurance<\/h3>\n<p><strong>The problem:<\/strong> Many people purchase travel health insurance, but Portugal requires permanent health insurance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Accepted forms:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>German public health insurance with EU coverage<\/li>\n<li>Private international health insurance<\/li>\n<li>Portuguese health insurance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Not accepted:<\/strong> Pure travel health insurance or Schengen visa insurance<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 5: Accommodation Proof Arranged Too Late<\/h3>\n<p><strong>The problem:<\/strong> Many applicants only want to look for an apartment after their visa is approved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The reality:<\/strong> No visa without proof of accommodation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Practical solution:<\/strong> Sign a 6-month rental agreement with an extension option. That\u2019s usually sufficient and gives you flexibility.<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 6: Naivety about Taxes<\/h3>\n<p><strong>What I often hear:<\/strong> I thought I wouldn\u2019t have to pay any taxes in Portugal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The truth:<\/strong> Portugal has a normal tax system. The NHR program offers benefits, but not total exemption.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Realistic expectation:<\/strong> With NHR you often pay 0% on pensions and 10% on foreign dividends. But this isn\u2019t automatic and not for every type of income.<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 7: Timing the Application<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Poor timing:<\/strong> Submitting your application in December when authorities are overloaded.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Best timing:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>February\u2013May:<\/strong> Best processing times<\/li>\n<li><strong>September\u2013October:<\/strong> Also good<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid:<\/strong> December\u2013January and July\u2013August<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mistake 8: Unrealistic Expectations about Processing Times<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Common assumption:<\/strong> The visa will be ready in 3 months.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2025 reality:<\/strong> 4\u20138 months is normal; in complex cases, even up to 12 months.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plan:<\/strong> Allow for 8 months and be happy if it goes faster.<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 9: Underestimating the Language Barrier<\/h3>\n<p><strong>The problem:<\/strong> All communication with the authorities is in Portuguese.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expensive solution:<\/strong> Do everything through lawyers (costs \u20ac3,000\u20138,000 extra).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Affordable solution:<\/strong> Hire a local translator\/assistant for key appointments (\u20ac300\u2013500).<\/p>\n<h3>Mistake 10: Financial Overload<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Underestimated costs:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Several trips to Portugal: \u20ac2,000\u20134,000<\/li>\n<li>Temporary housing: \u20ac1,000\u20132,000\/month<\/li>\n<li>Living expenses during processing: higher than expected<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected fees: \u20ac500\u20131,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Recommendation:<\/strong> Budget \u20ac15,000\u201320,000 for the first year (excluding rent).<\/p>\n<h3>Bonus Tip: The 90-Day Rule<\/h3>\n<p>Many forget: While your application is being processed, you can stay a maximum of 90 days at a time in Portugal. Longer stays may be considered illegal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong> Plan your stays in Portugal strategically and stick to the 90-day limit.<\/p>\n<p>Avoiding these mistakes can save you months of time and thousands of euros in costs. Most are easy to prevent with proper preparation.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"steuerliche-ueberlegungen\">\n<h2>Tax Considerations for the D7 Visa<\/h2>\n<p>Now for the most exciting part: tax opportunities in Portugal.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll be blunt:<\/p>\n<p>Portugal is not automatically a tax haven. But with the right planning, you can save substantially.<\/p>\n<h3>Understanding the NHR Program<\/h3>\n<p>The NHR Program (Non-Habitual Resident) is Portugal\u2019s answer to international tax competition. It offers 10 years of tax benefits for new residents.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> NHR is a separate application, which is made in parallel to the D7 Visa.<\/p>\n<h3>Tax Benefits by Type of Income<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Type of Income<\/th>\n<th>Without NHR<\/th>\n<th>With NHR<\/th>\n<th>Conditions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>German pensions<\/td>\n<td>14.5\u201348%<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>Taxed at source in Germany<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Foreign dividends<\/td>\n<td>28%<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>No double taxation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interest (EU)<\/td>\n<td>28%<\/td>\n<td>0\u201310%<\/td>\n<td>Depending on country of origin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Property income (abroad)<\/td>\n<td>14.5\u201348%<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>Taxed in the country where the property is located<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Portuguese income<\/td>\n<td>14.5\u201348%<\/td>\n<td>14.5\u201348%<\/td>\n<td>No benefit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Tax Optimisation in Practice<\/h3>\n<p>Let me illustrate this with a concrete example:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Case: The Schmidt Retiree Couple<\/strong><br \/> &#8211; German pension: \u20ac3,200\/month<br \/> &#8211; Dividends (international ETFs): \u20ac800\/month<br \/> &#8211; Interest (Swiss bank): \u20ac400\/month<br \/> &#8211; <strong>Total income: \u20ac4,400\/month = \u20ac52,800\/year<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tax in Germany:<\/strong> approx. \u20ac14,500\/year<br \/> <strong>Tax in Portugal with NHR:<\/strong> approx. \u20ac960\/year<br \/> <strong>Savings: \u20ac13,540\/year<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>This is a tax saving of over 90%. Such results are realistic with the right structure.<\/p>\n<h3>Timing Your Tax Relocation<\/h3>\n<p>An often-overlooked aspect: The timing of your relocation can make a big tax difference.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Optimal timing:<\/strong> Move at the beginning of the year<\/p>\n<p>Why? Germany only taxes you for the months you were tax resident. If you move in January, you pay almost no tax in Germany.<\/p>\n<h3>Using Double Tax Treaties<\/h3>\n<p>The double tax treaty between Germany and Portugal is complex, but highly advantageous:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pensions:<\/strong> Only taxed in Germany (if you have NHR)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dividends:<\/strong> 10% withholding tax in Portugal, offsettable in Germany<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interest:<\/strong> Usually only taxed in country of residence<\/li>\n<li><strong>Property income:<\/strong> Taxed in country where property is located<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Tax Planning for Different Life Stages<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Phase 1: Before Moving (Germany)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Realise losses for tax optimisation<\/li>\n<li>Reallocate to tax-optimised investments<\/li>\n<li>Time dividend payouts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Phase 2: Year of Move<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tax deregistration in Germany<\/li>\n<li>NHR application in Portugal<\/li>\n<li>Observe transitional rules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Phase 3: After 10 Years of NHR<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prepare for end of NHR benefits<\/li>\n<li>Possibly move to another EU country<\/li>\n<li>Structure for standard Portuguese taxation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Common Tax Pitfalls<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pitfall 1: German Tax Residency Not Properly Ended<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Many believe that deregistration is enough. But Germany applies an extended limited tax liability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong> No German income above \u20ac400\/year and no German health insurance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pitfall 2: NHR Benefits Not Applied For<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>NHR is not automatic. You must actively apply, best in the first year of residency.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pitfall 3: Complex Structures Without Professional Advice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tax optimisation in Portugal can get complex. For larger assets, professional advice pays.<\/p>\n<h3>Tax Advice in Portugal<\/h3>\n<p>You\u2019ll need a TOC (T\u00e9cnico Oficial de Contas) \u2013 a Portuguese tax advisor. Cost: \u20ac100\u2013300\/month depending on complexity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key qualifications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Experience with NHR cases<\/li>\n<li>German-speaking or excellent English<\/li>\n<li>Familiar with German tax law<\/li>\n<li>References from other German clients<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Outlook: Changes to the NHR Program<\/h3>\n<p>The NHR Program was reformed in 2024. Whats new from 2025:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Minimum stay:<\/strong> 120 days\/year<\/li>\n<li><strong>Property purchases:<\/strong> Below \u20ac500,000 no longer eligible for NHR<\/li>\n<li><strong>Income caps:<\/strong> Discussion of upper limits for NHR benefits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>My advice: If you meet the requirements, take advantage now. Further tightening is likely.<\/p>\n<p>The tax opportunities in Portugal are one of the main reasons for the D7 Visa. With the right planning, you can drastically reduce your tax bill while enjoying a wonderful life in Portugal.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about the Portugal D7 Visa<\/h2>\n<h3>Can I apply for the D7 Visa with future pension entitlements?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, if your retirement date is within the next two years. You\u2019ll then have to show how you\u2019ll bridge the time with other passive income and provide a confirmation of your future pension amount from the pension authority.<\/p>\n<h3>How is the 3-year history for dividends calculated?<\/h3>\n<p>The authorities calculate the average for the past 36 months. All dividend payments are summed and divided by 36. You should be able to plausibly explain any unusual fluctuations.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I really need \u20ac1,500 in passive income or is the minimum wage sufficient?<\/h3>\n<p>Officially, the minimum wage (\u20ac760) is sufficient. In practice, authorities expect higher amounts since you\u2019re not allowed to work. \u20ac1,200\u20131,500 per month is realistic for smooth approval.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I live in Portugal while my application is being processed?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, but only within the Schengen 90-day rule. You can stay in Portugal for a maximum of 90 days at a stretch and then must leave again.<\/p>\n<h3>What happens if my dividends drop after I receive the visa?<\/h3>\n<p>Upon renewal after two years, authorities will check your income again. If your income base is permanently lost, renewal may be refused. Temporary fluctuations are usually not a problem.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I need a lawyer for the D7 Visa application?<\/h3>\n<p>No, you can apply yourself in simple cases. A lawyer is helpful for complex income structures or if you feel unsure. Fees: \u20ac2,000\u20135,000.<\/p>\n<h3>Can I live in other EU countries with the D7 Visa?<\/h3>\n<p>No, the D7 Visa allows residence only in Portugal. After five years, you can apply for Portuguese citizenship and then live anywhere in the EU.<\/p>\n<h3>How long does the entire process realistically take?<\/h3>\n<p>From initial preparation to receiving the residence card: 6\u201312 months. The processing time after submission is 4\u20138 months.<\/p>\n<h3>Are cryptocurrency earnings recognised as passive income?<\/h3>\n<p>This is still very uncertain. Staking rewards are usually not accepted since they\u2019re considered too volatile. Always combine such income with conventional sources.<\/p>\n<h3>Do I need to speak Portuguese for the D7 Visa?<\/h3>\n<p>No, there are no language requirements for the D7 Visa. For citizenship after five years, you\u2019ll need basic skills (A2 level).<\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents Portugal D7 Visa: Why Passive Income is the Key D7 Visa Income Requirements: Which Passive Incomes Count Using Pensions as Proof of Income for the D7 Visa Dividends and Capital Gains: How to Prove Them Interest Income and Other Passive Earnings for the D7 Visa D7 Visa Application Guide: Step-by-Step to Success [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tldr":"<ul>\n<li>Das D7 Visa ist ideal f\u00fcr Personen mit stabilen passiven Einkommen ab 1.200\u20ac\/Monat<\/li>\n<li>Renten werden am leichtesten anerkannt, Dividenden brauchen 3-Jahres-Historie<\/li>\n<li>Der Antragsprozess dauert 6-12 Monate und kostet 4.000-7.000\u20ac<\/li>\n<li>Mit dem NHR-Programm sind Steuerersparnisse von 80-90% m\u00f6glich<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e4ufigste Fehler: Unvollst\u00e4ndige Dokumentation und unrealistische Einkommensplanung<\/li>\n<li>Kombinationen verschiedener passiver Einkommensquellen werden bevorzugt<\/li>\n<li>W\u00e4hrungsrisiken bei nicht-Euro-Einkommen unbedingt einkalkulieren<\/li>\n<li>Pers\u00f6nliche Anwesenheit in Portugal f\u00fcr Antragstellung und Kartenabholung erforderlich<\/li>\n<\/ul>","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nicht-kategorisiert"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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